In our Canadian climate roofs are exposed to a wide variety of weather conditions. Strong winds, freezing and hot temperatures, heavy rain and snow all take their toll. Furthermore, animals looking for den sites will break off shingles resulting in exposing roof boards to the elements.

Conducting a minimum of two inspections per year will reveal areas where the roof repair is needed, thereby avoiding water damage and potential mold. Wildlife has the innate ability to locate and exploit areas where damage went undetected and water has caused the rotting of roof and fascia boards.

In this context, eavestroughs need to be cleaned before winter sets in to assure unimpeded water flow away from the building. Twenty percent of all wildlife entry holes are created where water from clogged eavestroughs has caused the fascia board and overhang to deteriorate.

By Brad Gates, B.Sc.

Brad Gates is the owner and president of AAA Gates Wildlife Control. He has over 35 years experience in the humane wildlife removal and prevention industry.

Skunks, incapable of climbing, dig under structures that sit directly on the ground.  While raccoons prefer to live in attics from the fall to early summer, they may move to ground level structures when the attic spaces over heat.

To prevent wildlife from getting under a structure requires digging a trench around the entire perimeter, fastening galvanized screen in an “L” shape configuration and then back-filling the trench.

This photo was taken after installing our screen to prevent the skunks re-entry underneath the deck. If you look to the right of the picture you can see our galvanized screen secured to the side of the deck.

By Brad Gates, B.Sc.

Brad Gates is the owner and president of AAA Gates Wildlife Control. He has over 35 years experience in the humane wildlife removal and prevention industry.

When wildlife is drawn to continuously available food sources, there are noticeable repercussions to contend with. Increasing numbers of wildlife will migrate into the immediate area to live off the available food. Wanting to stay in close proximity to food they look to establish den sites nearby. With an increase in animal populations in the immediate area, more intrusions into buildings can be expected.

Occupants should be advised not to feed wildlife since it attracts raccoons, squirrels, skunks, birds, rats and mice. Of even greater concern are the documented cases where the feeding of one species has attracted another species, such as coyotes. Not to be neglected, green bins, garbage cans and dumpsters containing food refuse must be locked shut or kept indoors until the morning of garbage pickup.

This mother raccoon not only took advantage of the food source but also thought the large recycling bin would be a perfect den site for her and her babies. Thank you to this homeowner for being observant and realizing the mother and babies were living inside the bin. This photo was taken as the babies were feeding.

By Brad Gates, B.Sc.

Brad Gates is the owner and president of AAA Gates Wildlife Control. He has over 35 years experience in the humane wildlife removal and prevention industry.

Imagine You Are A Raccoon: Week 7

A weekly series by Brad Gates, B.Sc. Stay tuned each Wednesday for the continuation of this story!

The rise in the outside temperature signals that it would be advantageous to look for food.

As you exit the attic on to the roof you realize that the intruder is not letting you out of his sight. Over the next few nights you begin to dismiss the thought that your companion has any threatening intentions. However, you maintain your personal space resorting to vocalizing displeasure and nipping him when he gets too close. 

Gradually, as nature takes its course, you begin to experience biological changes allowing your companion to get close and even nuzzle with you. Soon, you are accepting his advances and subsequently allow him to mate with you. Mating occurs a few times over the next three days until you begin to deny him any further advances. Disgruntled, the male leaves to locate another female raccoon somewhere else and repeat this ritual. As temperatures begin to fall you once again curl up in the attic and fall asleep awaiting the return of warmer weather.

When surveying buildings and their immediate surroundings we need to think like an animal. Raccoons and squirrels will use their remarkable climbing capabilities to scale trees or vines in an attempt to investigate a roof for potential entry points.

To prevent these animals from gaining easy access to the roof, all tree limbs should be cut back 3 meters from the roof edge. While raccoons cannot jump, squirrels are acrobats and are able to leap a horizontal distance of approximately 2 meters. As to vines, they need to be trimmed to 1.5 meters below the overhang. Implementing this approach will eliminate the most common access.

Occasionally, determined animals may use the more difficult route of climbing up outside walls and downspouts to get onto the roof.

By Brad Gates, B.Sc.

Brad Gates is the owner and president of AAA Gates Wildlife Control. He has over 35 years experience in the humane wildlife removal and prevention industry. 

Properly Placed Animal-Proof Roof Vent Screens 

Plastic roof vents are an open invitation to wildlife wanting to live in a warm attic. The soft plastic lid is easily removed by raccoons and chewed through by squirrels.

Roof vents need to be screen in such a was as to keep animals from having access to the vent itself. This generally involves placing a screen box over the entire vent.

Some companies will place a screen underneath the roof vent but as you can see in this picture, the lid can still be manipulated from the outside leaving a large opening to the attic exposed. Even though the screen will stop the animals from entering the attic space, it does not prevent them from using the screen as a support for their nest.

This will still cause many problems for the homeowner:

• It is very likely that the homeowner would still hear the animals even though they are not inside the attic space.
• The nest that has been built on top of the screen is preventing the roof vent from doing its intended job, which is to ventilate and let hot air out of attic.  Proper ventilation will extend the life of your roof, reduce energy costs and reduce indoor temperature extremes
• Snow and water will enter the attic through the compromised vent and cause water damage and mould. 

This picture shows a squirrel nest that was found underneath the lid of the roof vent.

Imagine You Are A Raccoon: Week 5

A weekly series by Brad Gates, B.Sc. Stay tuned each Wednesday for the continuation of this story!

With winter having taking hold, all the food that you were accustomed to during the warmer times of the year is now buried under a layer of snow or frozen solid. Instinct tells you to sleep away the cold nights inside your den, instead of wasting valuable energy searching for non-existing food sources. Unlike your cousin the black bear you are not hibernating but rather having a good long nap awaiting a break in the cold temperatures. Provided you have accumulated enough body fat, you can extend your sleep for up to one month.

Wildlife never ceases to amaze me! During my 35 years in the wildlife industry I have come across a hand full of raccoons that had certain disabilities. I have seen a few three-legged raccoons, some with only one eye and even a completely blind mother raccoon with babies.

This raccoon was found on a porch last week by Gates Wildlife Technician David. As he got closer to investigate, he noticed that this raccoon had only one eye! The raccoon did not appear to be injured in any other way, he was in great physical shape and had chosen to sleep in a safe location. This is something we see quite often at this time of year as male raccoons are constantly searching for females to mate with.

So how do these raccoons adapt so quickly with a disability and not only survive but also thrive?

Blind / One Eye:

When a raccoon looses a sense such as their sight or a portion of it, their animal instinct kicks in and they immediately know what to do. They start relying on their other senses to survive. For example, raccoons have very sensitive hands with long fingers, toes and nails. Only humans and other primates have similar numbers of receptor cells found in their hands. Suzanne MacDonald from York University stated “they can get an image of what an object is without even looking at it, so the raccoons actually see with their hands.”

Lost Limb: 

I researched and found a National Geographic article on the topic. The article stated, “It turns out that quadrupeds, the scientific term for four-legged animals, are far more resilient than humans when it comes to losing a limb. In some cases, the lack of a leg amounts to little more than a mild inconvenience. Why? Because animals have a variety of coping mechanisms that allow them to thrive on three legs” (Annie Roth, 2018). 

When a quadruped loses a leg, the animal can keep its balance by taking a tripod stance and still distribute their weight evenly. Animals will bounce back surprisingly quickly, especially when compared to the recovery time a human would take from loosing a limb.

Raccoons are great problem solvers that adapt easily to new environments and objectives. A change to their physical being such as loosing a limb or loosing their sight, may not be as big of a challenge to a raccoon as we may think.

By Cassandra Gates, B.A

"Can’t I Just Use A Repellent To Get The Animals To Leave?"

Over my 35 years as a wildlife professional I have seen all kinds of DIY attempts by homeowners to drive animals out of their attic. Our customers have placed everything from mothballs, lights, blaring radios, ultrasonic sound devices, ammonia soaked rags and even coyote urine in their attic. After unsuccessfully trying one or a few of these methods, we get the call.

Mothballs: Wildlife do not vacate an attic that has mothballs in it. Once they are dispersed in the attic it is virtually impossible to remove them. The vapours often permeate into the rooms below. Our customers have developed headaches, nausea, dizziness, and/or vomiting after being exposed to mothball (naphthalene) vapours. Animal studies have suggested that naphthalene can cause cancer.

Lights: Lights do not deter wildlife from living in the attic. Animals are attracted to attics because they provide a warm, safe location which is protected from predators and the elements. There has been documented cases where a light placed in an attic was either knocked over by the animals or the electrical wire were chewed on, which resulted in a house fire.

Radios: Placing a radio in the attic with the volume turned up seems to have little effect on the animals living there, in fact they might enjoy the noise. I once removed a family of raccoons nesting directly beside the radio. Using a extension cord to power the radio can be chewed on by wildlife and potentially cause a fire.

Ultrasonic Devices: The frequency emitted by these devices has no affect on raccoons or squirrels but they can harm humans. I was called out to a rental property to remove squirrels from the attic. The tenant was unaware that the landlord had placed an ultrasonic device in the attic a week prior, which coincided exactly with when she started to experience severe migraine headaches. Her headaches stopped after I unplugged the device.

Ammonia Soaked Rags: Animals do not seem to be bothered by the smell of ammonia. I have witnessed situations where ammonia soaked rags were placed in a fireplace, directly below a mother raccoon and her babies. The smell was very strong but it did not cause the mother raccoon to leave.

Coyote Urine: I am amazed at how many of my customers have purchased coyote urine in an attempt to solve their wildlife problem. It is, in my opinion, the modern day “snake oil”, a product that is sold by seedy profiteers trying to exploit an unsuspecting public. First off, how do you think someone would successfully extract urine from a coyote, they would have to be pretty “Wiley”. Secondly, most wildlife living in a city would not know what a coyote looks like, let alone what it smelled like. Animals cannot learn to be afraid of a coyote by smell alone, they must have a negative experience with that animal. Even if they were to have a run in with a coyote how does that make them afraid of the smell of their urine. It just doesn’t make any sense at all.

In my professional opinion the only tested and proven means of solving wildlife problems is to have them humanely removed using hands-on removal / one way doors and by installing animal-proofing to the building structure.

By Brad Gates, B.Sc.

Brad Gates is the owner and president of AAA Gates Wildlife Control. He has over 35 years experience in the humane wildlife removal and prevention industry. 

“Mice in the Attic??? It Sounds Like An Elephant!"

Sometimes are customers are adamant that they are being kept awake at night by raccoons or squirrels in their attic. But after performing a detailed exterior check of the roof and the rest of the house, we determine that neither animal has found its way in.

At this point we usually assume that they are hearing the scratching sounds of mice. In the middle of night any sound can be seem quite amplified. Customers will ask “how can you tell for sure if I have mice?” By inspecting an attic we will be looking for one inch trails the mice make on the insulation. Mice like to follow the same paths when they move around within the attic, which will create a detailed network of trails.  If the customer has had mice for a long period of time, the trails will be very pronounced, as seen in the photo.

Mouse noises are almost always quite localized, homeowners will point at the ceiling and say “I hear it there.” This is the main difference between the noise caused by mice compared to that from raccoons and squirrels. Because they are so light weight they cannot be heard moving on top of the insulation in the attic. They tend to nest beneath the insulation, directly on the drywall and being rodents they constantly chew on their surroundings. In the dead of night the chewing sounds caused by mice can be perceived as the noise caused by raccoons and squirrels.

By Brad Gates, B.Sc.

Brad Gates is the owner and president of AAA Gates Wildlife Control. He has over 35 years experience in the humane wildlife removal and prevention industry.